Rabi Upadhyay, MD

2024 NIH K08 Clinical Scientist Career Development Award

2023 Stand Up to Cancer Phillip Sharp Innovation in Collaboration Award

2019 Damon Runyon Physician-Scientist

MD, University of Massachusetts, 2014

My academic path began in mathematics and biomedical engineering. My initial research involved building fiber optic and intra-operative fluorescence imaging systems, to locate and quantify microscopic/occult tumors in mice, enabling earlier diagnosis and treatment planning. Subsequently, I helped transition this basic science work into commercial biotechnology products, leading to multiple Phase 3 trials validating their clinical use, and ultimately FDA-approval for patient care (Lumicell, Inc).

 That initial fulfillment led me to medical school, followed by an internal medicine residency and medical oncology fellowship. I am now a board-certified medical oncology attending, with the privilege of caring for patients one day each week.

My majority effort is currently within the Littman Lab, where I am scientifically interested in how commensal gut microbiota shape the host immune response, especially through unique bioactive molecules that derive from bacteria and systemically distribute in the host. I am fascinated by the downstream signaling effects, which I hypothesize may alter antigen-specific T cell responses or may trigger innate immune sensors more broadly. Once elucidated, I envision that bacterial isolates (or heterologous expression of key bacterial genes) could be immediately translated to optimize gut-distal anti-cancer immunity. These concepts are broadly relevant, during clinical maneuvers such as checkpoint inhibition, bone marrow transplantation, and adoptive cell therapy.

Outside of lab, I enjoy cycling, photography, and chasing after two rambunctious kids.

 
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Publications:

  1. Blum JE, Kong R, Schulman EA, Chen FM, Upadhyay R, Romero-Meza G, Littman DR, Fischbach MA, Nagashima K, Sattely ES. Identification and characterization of dietary antigens in oral tolerance. Science Immunology. 2026 Mar 6; 11(117).

  2. Fu L*, Upadhyay R*, Pokrovskii M*, Chen FM, Romero-Meza G, Griesemer A, Littman DR. Prdm16-dependent antigen-presenting cells induce tolerance to gut antigens. Nature. 2025 Jun; 642(8068):756-765.

  3. Zhang B*, Upadhyay R*, Hao Y, Samanovic MI, Herati RS, Blair J, Axelrad J, Mulligan MJ, Littman DR, Satija R. Multimodal single-cell datasets characterize antigen-specific CD8+ T cells across SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection. Nature Immunology. 2023 Oct; 24(10):1725-1734.

  4. Upadhyay R, Littman DR. Provocateurs of autoimmunity within the gut microbiota. Science Translational Medicine. 2022 Oct 26; 14(668).

  5. Morton AM, Sefik E, Upadhyay R, Weissleder R, Benoist C, Mathis D. Endoscopic photoconversion reveals unexpectedly broad leukocyte trafficking to and from the gut. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2014 May 6; 111(18): 6696-701.

  6. Keliher EJ, Reiner T, Thurber GM, Upadhyay R, Weissleder R. Efficient 18F-labeling of synthetic exendin-4 analogues for imaging beta cells. ChemistryOpen. 2012 Aug; 1(4):177-183.

  7. Reiner T, Thurber G, Gaglia J, Vinegoni C, Liew CW, Upadhyay R, Kohler RH, Li L, Kulkarni RN, Benoist C, Mathis D, Weissleder R. Accurate measurement of pancreatic islet beta-cell mass using a second-generation fluorescent exendin-4 analog. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2011 Aug 2; 108 (31): 12815-20.

  8. Parekkadan B, Upadhyay R, Dunham J, Iwamoto Y, Mizoguchi E, Mizoguchi A, Weissleder R, Yarmush ML. Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Transplants Prevent Experimental Enterocolitis and Require Host CD11b(+) Splenocytes. Gastroenterology. 2011 Mar; 140(2):966-75.

  9. Devaraj NK, Hilderbrand S, Upadhyay R, Mazitschek R, Weissleder R. Bioorthogonal Turn-On Probes for Imaging Small Molecules inside Living Cells. Angewandte Chemie 2010 Apr 6; 49(16):2869-72.

  10. Wadlow RC, Wittner BS, Finley SA, Bergquist H, Upadhyay R, Finn S, Loda M, Mahmood U, Ramaswamy S. Systems-level modeling of cancer-fibroblast interaction. PLoS One. 2009 Sep 3; 4(9):e6888.

  11. Devaraj NK, Upadhyay R, Haun JB, Hilderbrand SA, Weissleder R. Fast and sensitive pretargeted labeling of cancer cells through a tetrazine/trans-cyclooctene cycloaddition. Angewandte Chemie. 2009; 48(38):7013-6.

  12. Upadhyay R, Mahmood U. Chapter 10: Fiber Optic Fluorescence Imaging. Molecular Imaging: Principles and Practice Ed. Ralph Weissleder. Hamilton, Ontario: Pmph, 2009. p147-159.

  13. Sheth RA, Upadhyay R, Stangenberg L, Sheth R, Weissleder R, Mahmood U. Improved Detection of Ovarian Cancer Metastases by Intraoperative Quantitative Fluorescent Protease Imaging in a Pre-Clinical Model. Gynecologic Oncology 2009 Mar; 112(3):616-22.

  14. Cortez-Retamozo V, Swirski FK, Waterman P, Yuan H, Figueiredo JF, Newton AP, Upadhyay R, Vinegoni C, Kohler R, Blois J, Smith A, Nahrendorf M, Josephson L, Weissleder R, Pittet MJ. Real-time assessment of inflammation and treatment response in allergic airway inflammation. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2008 Dec; 118(12):4058-66.

  15. Engelman JA, Chen L, McNamara K, Upadhyay R, Crosby K, Maira M, Perera SA, Guimaraes A, Chirieac LR, Kaur R, Lightbown A, Simendinger J, Li T, Padera RF, Garcia-Echeverria C, Weissleder R, Mahmood U, Cantley L, Wong KK. Differential Efficacy of PI3K inhibition in PI3KCA and K-Ras driver murine lung cancers. Nature Medicine. 2008 Dec; 14(12):1351-6.

  16. Mahmood U, Upadhyay R. Current and Future Imaging Paradigms in Colorectal Cancer. Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery 2007 Jun; 18(2):132-138.

  17. Upadhyay R, Sheth RA, Weissleder R, Mahmood U. Quantitative Real-time Catheter-based Fluorescence Molecular Imaging in Mice. Radiology. 2007 Nov; 245(2):523-531.

  18. Deramaudt TB, Takaoka M, Upadhyay R, Bowser MJ, Porter J, Lee A, Rhoades B, Johnstone CN, Weissleder R, Hingorani SR, Mahmood U, Rustgi AK. N-Cadherin and Keratinocyte Growth Factor Receptor Mediate the Functional Interplay between Ki-RASG12V and p53V 143A in Promoting Pancreatic Cell Migration, Invasion, and Tissue Architecture Disruption. Molecular & Cellular Biology. 2006 Jun; 26(11):4185-200.